1 you call these pictures torture?, these pictures are missing vital elements of torture: a man standing on box, with hood and fake wires, naked pyramids, pretend fellatio, Quran flushing and air conditioning torture.

2 Rusty, you and I understand the reason we're there. No question in our minds. But I'm telling you right now, the idiots out there are going to brush these aside, just like they've done with everything else, and make like we're the bad guys. They'll never get it, they're just not bright enough. I'm sorry, but that's the truth.

3 Further, when the extreme Left (which certainly does not include most American liberals or Democrats)... Rusty, I have a lot of respect for you, but I have to take you to task for you willingness to give them a pass like this. The extreme left is perfectly representative of the average liberal I meet, it just isn't apparent until you get into their heads. I don't care if it's Osama or just someone willing to carry his water, an enemy is an enemy.

4 Maxi, it's pretty apparent to me that the average liberal is out there in left field, so I wholly agree with what you say. I don't know if it's BDS or if the average liberal has gotten more, well, leftist, for lack of a better word. But I have noticed the rhetoric of the left has become more and more radical. Perhaps it has to do with the lefty blogs being more radical, or perhaps it's the GWOT, but the left has become more radical, whatever the reason.

5 But there were never any beheadings in Iraq until after the US invaded in it's illegal war of oppression and slavery against Islam to steal oil to fill the wallets of Halliburton and Cheney! /diahrrea of the mouth mode off

6 What I want to see is pictures of some female GI interrogator given a lap dance in her skivies to a muslim prisoner! I'll pay for that!

7 Ariya Now that's funny! And sooooooo retro!

8 Pretty Brutal stuff... www.savethesoldiers.com

9 Just to bump some of the previous posts: this attitude of giving the Left the benefit of doubt is getting old. At this point there's no need to portray a fairness and objectivity which increasingly has no basis in reality. In the end it only allows for further consideration of legitimacy for present day liberals utterly perverting the original principals and intent of liberalism.

10 Those images are very graphic, but they don't constitute torture since they show brown people using violence against other brown people. Thus they lack the 'whitey-colonial-oil-empire' element that's needed to get the left upset.

11 Damn Graeme, how do you get so much point with so little making?

12 Graeme, Rhodesia was a case in point, and still is. As long as it is Mugabe murdering black Africans, well, hell, that's ok. Great point, Graeme. It applies in so many places in the world today, including the UN.

13 Good point JJ, Rhodesia was the most prosperous nation in Africa on a per capita basis, for both blacks and whites, even after averageing for each group seperately to account for the income differences between them. Russia and China targeted it for revolution, and the Western nations went along obediently. There should be sooooo many people lined up and shot for the sins of the last century.

14 IM: Do you realize that the sissy assed, liberal, muslim loving, America hating punks have been sprewing their stupidity less and less these days? The Jawas on the run? Are they giving up? Has the force been too tough on them? I will pray to Yoda to give them the balls to continue the fight before the forces of good become bored.

15 I guess whining constantly gets old, or maybe their moms all kicked them out of their basements and made them get jobs or something horrible like that.

16 It is no coincidence that these pictures 'emerge' on the coattails of the cartoons, now is it?

17 Ya right, justify complete disregard for human dignity and morals. Yes, justify your obscene comparison of anything close to this an all other proof of Abu Ghraib being obscurded or doctored by anyone but who, the guy who took these and was there??? For these very photos and all others from the original DISC of pictures are proof that this is a war of culture and some sick comparision of who is superior in this human race, and us proving them inferior, which is something we as Americans NOW will not suceed in if this is what WE?? represent. This subculture of that hides behind Ultra-Conservative views that really in reality are as sick and deviant as what they protray is the enemy of our American MOrales are being used on a rountine basis by the military INTELLIGENCE?? These higher ups, Ultra-Conservs running the BUSH Administration that run this show (our military operations) seemed to dwell in mad undercurrent of emotionless psychological terrorism (ie. Fake Terrorism-911, phony iconisms Ossama, and blatant propaganda WMD'S, germ warfare via bird flu) that resembles some Apocalypse NOW...drug induced moral neuroses they have sunk into, in which they feel they can manipulate our world's views into what THEY THINK is just and right, not the actual needs of a Government running a country, but a Govenrment runn by big oil, money, pharmaceuticals to numb and anything to make personal profit for the Coporate INdustries that run OUR GOVERNMENT....God Save Us....please ....are you there???!!

18 It's sad that we are losing white people lives to keep all these brownies from cutting each other up.

19 That shit is awesome and I wish I could do that to some people w/o being thrown in jail or even risking being thrown in jail because people suck and lots of them deserve to be mutilated and killed.

1 You made the fatal mistake of assuming that the 534 other congresscritters actually read the legislation they voted for. Mheh.

2 Well, I'm ready to get rid of whoever is in office who couldn't see their way clear to pointing out such utter nonsense... I mean, like, replace through the election process. Honestly, I need help. Can someone tell me a reasonable scenario explaining how legislation this stupid didn't get laughed off the hill? How did we come to this?

3 At the very least, you should read the text before you get all worked up. Eugene V. may be correct about the ultimate interpretation, although I doubt it. Given that the law explicitly excludes "interactive computer services" from the "telecommunication device" definition, and the new subparagraph just as explicitly must be constructed consistently with that exclusion, it's hard to argue that the law could ever be used to apply to online interactions. But never mind that, for the moment. The intent was to do nothing more than ensure VOIP phone calls weren't exempt from the restriction. Otherwise, people could make obscene phone calls over the internet with impunity. (leaving aside, for the moment, why we're so worked up about banning them to begin with.) More info here, and there's a second entry with more info linked at the bottom.

4 Vote every one of the sons-O-bitches out I say. From now on, I'm not voting for anyone on a party ticket.

5 Cal: Well, it's hard to work up a good self-righteous head of steam if people keep pumping in icewater. But Volokh seems to think that "interactive" doesn't cover blogs, and since he's a law prof it's hard to just dismiss what he's saying on the grounds that he doesn't understand the legislation. What "B" seems to refer to is an exemption for the service (and/or software) provider, not for the anonymous person posting the message. And again, not being a legal eagle I gotta go with what the law prof says. And he even expands on those comments here.

6 Anyway Cal, if Eugene is wrong then this legislation simply doesn't cover "one to many" communication, and his objections aren't relevant. But if the wording is so confusing that it's causing Volokh to drop all the loose change from his topsy-turvy pockets then it would seem to be ill crafted, at best. So why don't they have a "Violence Against Men" act? Or at least a "Violence Against Over-Educated Men?"

7 Specter is still a senile old fart. And many of those in the House and Senate really don't read the text of these bills before they sign off on them. There's far too much mumbo-jumbo in the text of this bill to make any sense at all to me. I'm an bookkeeper, not a lawyer. And the fact that there are so many others, well versed in law, arguing over the merits or demerits of it is proof enough of its confusing wording. The intent may be benign, but I think it just boils down to some worrying about the chance of an over-zealous litigator twisting this to the advantage of someone who simply gets "annoyed" somewhere down the line. Annoying is a subjective word. With this new development, it's a good thing Tex at Whackingday is in Australia.

8 ABOUT ITALY Still now I can't read in conservatives italian newspapers, the true question about the post communist holding system, called Cooperative LEGACOOP. Nevertheless it was a very big trouble, last summer, when the postcommunist party insurance company UNIPOL tried to buy one of the most important italian bank, the BNL, against the spanish Bank of Bilbao. The governor of Bankitalia (Bank of Italy), Antonio Fazio was part of the war, trying to help the Unipol, that is linked to the first postcommunist bank Monte dei Paschi di Siena (the oldest bank of the world born in 1472). UNIPOL got 20 billion euros last year, but BNL is bigger a lot. Strange case. Now the jump to Unipol is broken, the management of Unipol is impeached for many crimes (the top manager Mr. Consorte had 50 millions euros in a Swiss bank). The DS, the post communist party, is accused to have the biggest conflict of interest, bigger than the Berlusconi conflict. In fact, if the mr. Berlusconi tv broadcast Mediaset (3 channels) has 5600 workers, the red cooperatives have 500.000 workers! Moreover the DS is allied to the mr. Prodi (the ex UE President) party, the Margherita Party, linked with an other holding of cooperatives, named CONFCOOPERATIVE. Both all the leftist cooperatives have ONE MILLION WORKERS, billing every year 100 BILLION EUROS OF SALES. But is not this the true question of the postcommunist power. The fact is that almost all municipalities and provinces and italian regions (the some of the single states for USA) are in hands of DS and MArgherita parties. So they can give jobs and work public orders to the cooperatives holding. So thousands of mayors, councillors, and members of regional councils, may lawfully give money to their parties, their parents and friends working in the cooperatives, that do every thing: facilities, roads, buildings, social welfare, supermarkets, upkeeps... Italy may be conquered by this system, that improve the old leninist State capitalism. What gloomy prospects! PAOLO DELLA SALA LINKS http://www.leguerrecivili.splinder.com/1123860856#5473174 http://leguerrecivili.splinder.com/1136934338#6817879

9 Oyster The real problem with this is that its easily open to abuse or better yet "legal harrassment". Someone - anyone files a complaint - well er - let a court decide! Next - you need a lawyer - and lawyers are expensive. How it proceeds from there is more often dependent on your financial and legal resources. Stupid cases will be prosecuted! Why - why not! - more often than not justice is just an indifferent assembly line and everybody gets paid reguardless. A DA will pursue a stupid case - win/lose - so what - its nothing more than a boxscore to them 20W 10L 2T

10 I'm pretty sure that's what I said. ;-) You just elaborated on it more.

1 Yet a mooselimb in the other thread, accuses the U.S of making Afghanistan a hell hole, it just shows you the Islamic ideology also shorts out all logic from the brain.

2 Howie, this dovetails rather nicely with the post I just made about the upcoming suicide bomber movie. Is anyone else reminded of that "the Mafia doesn't exist" period we went through in the eighties?

3 It is a hideous religion that would kill a man, a Muslim no less, who has done nothing more than try to educate girls so they can help themselves out of poverty. I'm waiting for the moderate Muslims to condemn this murder and all murders committed in the name of Islam. I've been waiting a long time.

4 Amaad: Here's your chance to make Dave's day.

5 The Taliban have shown themselves once again to be cowards and scum of the lowest order. Despite the beatings and intimidation, this teacher was willing to stand firm and do what he thought was right and to help his country advance. That's courage.

6 "The Islamic teachings about jihad are what uproots oppression and guarantees people the freedom to think and to choose their religion for themselves without being under any compulsion. Islam seeks to have people freely submit themselves to their Creator and not be placed under the subjugation of any worldly dictator, race, tribe, or nationality" AMAAD 1/4/2006 Ya sure, you betcha. Dude, they cut dad's head off in front of his 8 kids.

7 I thought Muslims were not to imbibe in the spirits, yet Amaad makes a statement like that and claims to be sober. Now that's funny!

8 And it's not even Ramadan yet.

9 You'd have known about this two weeks ago if you read the Carnival of the Liberated over at Dean's World. I picked it up from an Afghan blogger on December 20.

10 Dave. You got me I did not read it. Sorry. Give me a heads up now and then and I'll link it. I think I need an RSS reader or a net surfing sponsor... Howie brought to you by Pioneer Seed! Get better yields and your choice of this green farmer's hoodie or this black insulated winter jacket with the pioneer logo. Ah I can see it now.

11 Par for the course, my friends. Any one surprised? Thought not...

12 Muslims are silly little children. Nothing more. The world should stop educating them and allowing them to leave their silly little cruel countries. Shun them. Piss on them.

13 Since we're too civilized as a nation to just nuke them into submission, as we rightfully should, and nor are we likely to purge the libtards from among us, we should at least exile all libtards to muslim countries, and prohibit mulsims and libtards from entering civilized countries upon pain of death.

14 Opium Poppy production up 264% since the US-led forces captured Afghanistan. WOMEN IN ISLAM Women and Their Status In Islam by Muhammad Adbul Aleem Siddiqui (R.A) Reproduced with permission from World Islamic Mission (Canada) History is silent as to whether there was any distinction in status between the male and the female sexes during the beginnings of human civilization. In later days no doubt the female sex was regarded as inferior to the male and the idea of inferiority developed to such an extent that the male sex not only claimed a complete superiority over the female sex, but further arrogated to itself the right to utilise and employ the female sex as it liked. Surveying the history of the world on this point we find that in pre-Christian Europe and Greece, which was the centre of light and learning for a long time and which provided philosophical and scientific inspiration to the Europe of later days, regarded woman as something definitely inferior to man. She was a subservient creature who had come into existence solely for the purpose of breeding citizens for the state and soldiers for the army. Their great dramatist Euripedes puts into the mouth of Medea the remark. "Women are impotent for good, but clever contrivers of all evils," Such degrading conceptions led to a moral.degeneration which ultimately ruined the Greek society. The names of virtuous women says Professor Lecky, scarcely appear in Greek history." (History of European Morals, Vol:ll p. 307). Conditions in Europe did not irnprove with the advent of Christianity. "Of the woman came the beginning of sin and the wickedness of man and through her we all die. " Consequently, Paul, the premier saint of Christendom, proclaimed: "Let the woman learn in silence with all subjection. But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence, for Adam was first formed than Eve. And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in transgression." Other early Fathers were even more uncharitable and denounced women as "the lance of the demon," "the gate of the Devil," "the road of iniquity." "the sting of the scorpion," a daughter of falsehood, the sentinel of Hell," "the enemy of peace" and "of the wild beast, the most dangerous." Nay, they went still further. The Greek Orthodox Church denied that woman had a soul and at the Council of Macon, a Bishop vehemently asserted that a woman did not belong to the human species. (Westermarck, p.663) A council held at Auxierre prohibited women [from receiving] the Eucharist [with their bare] hands [or] to [go] near the altar during the celebration of the Mass on the ground that she was an "unclean thing". "I may define man," says Principal Donaldson (Woman, pp. 181, 182), "to be a male human being and woman to be a female human being . . . Now what the early Christains did was to strike the 'male' out of the definition of man and 'human being' out of the definition of woman. Man was [a] human being made for the highest and noblest purpose; woman was a female made to serve only. She was on earth to influence the heart of man with every evil passion. She was a fire[storm] continually striving to get alongside the male man-of-war to blow him up into pieces." In the Asian cradles of civilization [women were] no better off. Hinduism, which is the oldest among the present day religions of the world, laid it down: 'In childhood a female must be subjected to her father, in youth to her husband, when her husband is dead, to her sons; a woman must never be independent'. (Manu, V 140). "The legislator Man", says the celebrated Hindu scholar, Sir R. G. Bhandarkar,"is equally hard on women. It must be acknowledged that the estimate of the old Aryan of womanly nature is not flattering to them generally. They are debarred from reading the Vedas; any religious rite in which they alone are concerned is directed to be performed without Vedic Mantras. Even the Bhagavad Gita gives expression to the general belief that it is only a sinful soul that is born as woman, Vaisya or Sudra". (Collected Works, p. 46 1). In Buddhism, says the Buddhist scholar, May Oung, "the idea of wedlock and its attendant worldly life, is opposed to the ultimate and the annihilation of Desire, the striving for which must necessarily involve celibacy." (Buddhist Law, Par. 1, p. 2). In Buddhist ideology, therefore, according to the historian Westermarck,"Woman are, of all the snares which the temper has spread for men, the most dangerous; in women are embodied all the powers of infatuation which blind the mind of the world." In pre-lslamic Arabia, the general conception of womanhood was of such a degraded type that her very existence was considered ignominious for the family. Female infanticide was consequently practiced on a wide scale. Those women, however, who escaped early death were allowed to live only on sufferance. For, an Arab woman "had no rights; she could not inherit property; her person formed part of the inheritance which came to the heir of her husband, and he was entitled to marry her against her will. Hence sprung up the impious marriages of their sons with their stepmothers and others of an even worse character. . ." "Polygamy was universal and quite unrestricted; equally so was divorce at least as far as man was concerned; (Mohammed and Mohammedanism; Bosworth Smith; p 82) Such was the condition of the female sex in the world when Mohammed (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) the Saviour of womanhood, stood up in Arabia and, through the Divine Revelation of the Lord of the Universe Who created both the male and the female and Who loves them equally, preached to the world that : females were just like males have equal rights have equal honour equal status in life They were on no account to be treated as the property of the males. They have the right of ownership of property in the same way that males have, though, no doubt under the principle of the division, the female sex has some specialised duties to perform in life, just as the male sex has its own duties. There are three stages through which womenfolk will pass in life: (a) daughter (b) wife, and (c) mother. (a) DAUGHTER Islam denounces in unequivocal terms the pre-Islamic inhumane custom of female infanticide and commands people to love and cherish their daughters even more than their sons. The Holy Qur'an says that on the Day of Judgment, the female infant who was buried alive will be questioned: "For what crime wast thou murdered?" [Qur'an 81:8,9] Thus before the Almighty, the victim herself will be able to give evidence against those who killed an innocent creature of Allah simply for the sake of satisfying their vanity. Allah again commands humanity: "Kill not your children for fear of want. We shall provide sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily, to kill them is a great sin. [Qur'an 17:31] Fatimah was the youngest daughter of the Holy Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him). In dealing with her, he set an example of fatherly love which is a model for mankind. "Fatimah," he would say, "is a part of my being; whosoever annoys her annoys me" (Mishkat-ul-Masabih, XLIV:S) He also emphasized preferential treatment towards the female sex and said "When you bring anything for your children for distribution, begin with the girls first because the girls love their parents more than the boys." (b) WIFE Marriage in Islamic law is really a contract just like other civil contracts between two parties. As far as the conditions of the contract are concerned, both the parties, the man and the woman, stand upon the same level. Each party has certain rights and duties. Islam commands justice to be observed in every contract, and so in the contract of marriage too justice should be observed. The Holy Quran says: "The women have rights similar to the rights against them, according to what is equitable." [Qur'an 2:228] No doubt, under the principle of the distribution of labour, work should be divided between the pair. The womenfolk have naturally to take care of their offspring until they grow up. They have to engage themselves in bringing them up and so are not in a position to pay attention to securing their means of livelihood. The men, therefore, have been made responsible for maintaining the family, including the wife, and have been given the duty of securing all the requirments of the home. Thus we might say that in a Muslim home, the husband is supposed to work as the Minister for Foreign Affairs and the wife as the Minister of the Interior. The Holy Prophet is reported to have said : "A woman is the queen of her house." The Holy Quran describes the position of the wife in a beautiful verse, "He created for you mates from among yourselves that you might find solace in them and he ordained between you love and mercy," [Qur'an 30:21] The Prophet said: "The most perfect of believers in faith is the best of them in morals and the best of you are those who are kindest to your wives." In his famous Address at the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet again laid stress on the good treatment on womenfolk. He said: "O my people, you have certain rights over your wives and so have your wives over you .... they are Allah's trust in your hand. See that you treat them with all kindness." Before this saviour of the female sex preached his Message, there was no limit for the males in respect of the number of their wives. Islam really imposed a limit and allowed plurality of marriage with the idea of abolishing adultery. Polygamy is permitted in place of illegal intercourse in cases where it becomes difficult or rather impossible ill the interest of social health to restrict marriage to strict monogamy. There are two definite occasions in the lives of human beings when polygamy becomes necessary. For example, if the marriage proves fruitless, the husband can, in most cases, be kept on the path of virtue and uprightness only by allowing a second marriage. Again, when there is a surplus of women, as happens after men have died in wars, human society can be saved from corruption and also extinction by the permission of marrying more than one wife. The Holy Quran restricts the number of wives to four and also orders complete equality and justice between them: "And if you fear that you will not deal fairly towards the orphans, marry of the women who seem good to you, two or three or four, and if you fear that you cannot do justice between them , then (marry) only one." [Qur'an 4:3] The conditions of the marriage contract are to be settled by the parties of the marriage. If, on the one hand according to the Islamic teaching, the husbands are entitled to have the right of divorce, the wives are also entitled to the right of fixing their dowry and niaintainence as they like, and they may also take the authority of separating themselves from their husbands when they find it necessary to do so. If agreement at a time of marriage is made with complete consideration, the parties stand practically at the same level and there remains no possibility for the womenfolk to suffer. Islam enjoins justice, equity and straightforwardness. Therefore if those who claim to be Muslims do not observe Islamic principles, then it is their fault and Islam can on no account be accused for that. If today people misuse the permission for polygamy and try to hide their lustftil actions under the cloak of Islamic legality, it is their fault and they deserve the most severe punishment at the Court of the All-Knowing Allah who knows what is in their hearts. (c) MOTHER As mothers, the status of women has been raised by Islam to such an extent that nothing higher is conceivable. The Holy Quran says: Your Lord has commanded that you shall worship none but Him and goodness to your parents. If either or both of them reach old age in your life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, but address them in terms of honour. And make yourself submissively gentle to them with compassion and say: O my Lord bestow on them compassion even as they cherished me in my childhood.[Qur'an 17 23-24] It is reported that when the Prophet was questioned by a disciple as to who after God and his Prophet should be revered most, the Prophet said "Your mother." When questioned "Who, after the mother?" The Prophet said "Your mother." He was again asked "And, then, who after the mother? " He again replied: "Your mother". The man put the question for the fourth time and the Prophet then answered: "Your father." This Tradition shows that the position of the mother in the eyes of her sons and daughters should be three times higher than that of the father. It is reported that once a disciple came to the Prophet and said "O Prophet Of Allah, on a hot day in the desert of Arabia, in the sunny noon when the stones and sands were burning like fire, my mother and I were travelling by foot without any shoes. I carried my mother on my shoulders so that she may not suffer the pain of walking bare-footed on the hot sands and stones. Could I pay the reward of the pains she had to bear in bringing me up?" The Prophet replied:"No, not even a fraction of the pain she suffered at the time you were born." In Islam the best action of worship is the performance of Pilgrimage to Mecca, i.e., the Hajj, and the reward to a person who performs the Hajj properly is that all his past sins are pardoned and he receives a high rank in the estimation of Allah. But in expressing the dignity of the mother, the Holy Prophet said: "One who looks at the face of his mother with sentiments of reverence and love once, is rewarded as if he had performed the Pilgrimage." The people asked him, what if he looked twice, to which he replied: "It is as if he had performed two Pilgrimages, and thrice, as if he had performed three Pilgrimages and so on. In this respect, the Prophet himself set a model for the world. Once Halimah, the lady who nursed him in his childhood came to see him. The Prophet was sitting with his disciples. As soon as he saw her, he stood up with reverence and spread his mantle on the floor and requested his foster-mother to take her seat there. It is quite evident from the above that the respect which a mother receives from her children in Islam is the highest to which no other wordly relationship can aspire. The doors of spiritual elevation are open to woman in the same way as they are open to men. They are commanded to educate themselves in the same way as the men, and if they attain a high position in learning, "Never will I waste the work of a worker among you, whether male or female. You are members, one of another."[Qur'an 3:195]. Afganistan is now a US country, maybe the fact that the Taliban did not allow the US to build a gas pipe through the country led to the invasion of Afghanistan. Ahmed Karzai will bow down to every request made by the American government. Muslims are the people that sort out all logic from the brain? The Islamic empire in the early 6th. centuries were the inheritors of the scientific tradition of late antiquity. They preserved it, elaborated it, and finally, passed it to Europe (Science p3). At this early date, the Islamic dynasty of the Umayyads envinced an interest in science. It was the century that were, for Europeans, the Dark Ages, were, for Muslim scholars, centuries of philosophical and scientific discovery and development. The Arabs at the time not only assimilated the ancient wisdom of Persia, and the classical heritage of Greece, but adapted their own distinctive needs and ways of thinking (Hitti 363). The Islamic ability to reconcile monotheism and science proofs to be a first time in human thought that theology, philosophy, and science were finally harmonized in a unified whole. Thus their contribution was "one of the first magnitude, considering its effect upon scientific and philosophic thought and upon the theology of later times" (Hitti 580). One of the reason for such development of science is probably due to God's commandment to explore the laws of nature. The idea is to admire all creations for its complexity - to cherish the creator for the ingenuity. Possibly holding to this believe, Islam's contributions to science had covered many roots of thought including mathematics, astronomy, medicine and philosophy. This paper will examine these roots of natural science, and unearth the contributions of the Islamic thinkers. Islam's redound to encourage into thinking was accessed by two other ancient cultures - the Persian and the Indians. They became part of the Islamic heritage in the field of mathematics (Hitti 373). About the year 600 A.H.-during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad - an Indian Muslim mathematician developed the symbol "cipher" or zero and the system of placed notation. This invention, first mentioned in a Syriac text written in 662 AD, revolutionized the study of mathematics and made possible the great achievements of Muslim mathematicians (Science p4). Mathematical vocabulary such as "algebra" and "algorithm" are actually borrowings from Arabic words, that were later translated into Latin. It was a Muslim mathematician who formulated the trigonometric function explicitly. The word "sine" was actually the direct translation of the arabic word "jayb". An English mathematician Robert of Chester, who flourished in the middle of the twelfth century, was the first to use sinus equivalent to this Arabic jayb in its trigonometrical acception (Hitti 573). Al-Khwarizmi composed the oldest book on mathematics, known only in translation. He presented more than 800 examples of the calculation of integration and equation, later anticipated by Neo-Babylonians (Hitti 379)."As in trigonometry so in Algebra Muslims must be considered as the founders of this science whose very name reflects its origin... al-Khwarizmi... firmly established this branch of mathematics" (qtd. King 214). They introduced it with the Arabic numerals into Europe and taught Westerners the most convenient convention of arithmetic concept. "The zero and Arabic numerals lie behind the science of calculation as we know it today" (Hitti 573-574). In the first half of the ninth century, exponent numerals including the zero is used in preference to letters by al- Khwarizmi. In the second half of the ninth century, the Muslims of Spain developed numerals slightly different in shape, huruf al-ghubar (letters of dust), originally used in conjunction with a type of sand abacus. Leonardo Fibonacci of Pisa, who was taught by a Muslim master published a work which remain a landmark in the introduction of the Arabic numerals (Hitti 573-574). Early in the ninth century, mathematical calculations stimulates the crave for answers to the celestial motion. This curiosity introduces a new field of thought, called astronomy. One most important application of astronomy is the timekeeping for the time of the five daily prayers. These are defined according to the position of the sun moving from east to west. The earliest known tables for such purpose are dated from the tenth century (King 46-4 . As necessary to accurate timekeeping as tables are the instruments used by the Muslims: The magnificent sundial that ibn al-Shatir constructed in the year 1371/72 to adorn the main minaret of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. The sundial displays the time of day relative to sunrise, midday, and sunset and relative to the afternoon prayer. There are also special curves for times relative to daybreak and nightfall. Thus the sundial effectively measures time with respect to each of the five daily prayers (King 547). An individual by the name of Ibn al-Sarraj devised a series of astrolables, quadrants, trigonometric grids and other instruments which are innovative to the extreme. "I consider Ibn al-Sarraj's astrolable, which is universal from five different aspects, to be the most sophisticated astrolable from the Near East and Europe..." (King 544). Al-Khwarizmi, the genius mathematician, at the time applied his findings to the new field from which he composed the oldest planetary tables, or the zij (King 39, Hitti 379). His work serves as a reference text and were rendered into Latin in the twelfth century by Gerard of Cremona (Hitti 571). Among the first regular astronomical observatory tower constructed was in Jundaysabur, south west of Persia, under the direction of Sind ibn-'Ali, and Yahaya ibn-abi-Mansur. Being the Caliph's astronomer, not only that they construct a systematic chart of celestial movements, but also verified the fundamental elements of the Almangest (Hitti 373-375). The astronomers of al-Mamun, the Abbasid Caliph, made many original observations. One of the most outstanding is the measurement of the meridian near Mosul. It was found to be 111,814 meters, and measured a degree of latitude at about 36x north to be 2877 feet (qtd. King 214-215). "The object is to determine the size of the earth and its circumference on the assumption that the earth was round" (Hitti 375). In Spain, astronomical studies were cultivated after the middle of the tenth century. They reproduced the Aristotelian system, as distinguished from the Ptolemaic, the representation of celestial movements. Abu-al-Qasim Maslamah al-Majriti (of Madrid), the earliest Spanish Muslim astronomer edited and corrected the zij (planetary tables of al-Khwarizmi), the first tables composed by a Muslim. Among al-Majriti titles were al- hisab or the mathematician, for he was considered the leader in mathematical knowledge. About fourteen years later, the zij that of al-Battani, was rendered into Latin by Plato of Tivoli. Copernicus later quotes al-Battani in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium . Al-Zarqali (known as Arzachel in Latin West) the foremost astronomical observer of his age, deviced the safihah, a type of astrolabe, that prove the motion of solar apogee with reference to the stars (Hitti 570-71). Al-Bitruji, known as Alpetragius developed a new theory of stellar movement and wrote The book of Form in which it was detailed (Science p22 c3). Arab astronomers left the sky immortal traces of their findings. Not only are most of the star-names in European languages are of Arabic origin (The Worlds Almanac and fact Book p199 c2), but a number of technical term such as "azimuth" (al- sumut), "nadir" (nazir), "zenith" (al-samt) are of Arabic etymology. This testifies the rich legacy of Islam to Christian Europe (Hitti 573). The first of the Arabians, the rival indeed of Galen, was the Persian Ibn Sina, or better known as Avicenna. He was given the title 'the Prince of Medicine'. His most celebrated work is Al-Qanun Fil-Tibb or "the Canon of Medicine." He is one of the greatest names in the history of medicine. He could repeat the Quraan by heart when he was ten years old, and by twelve he had disputed in law and logic. He found that medicine was an easy subject, not hard and thorny (Osler 9 . "When I found a difficulty," he says, "I reffered to my notes and prayed to the creator" (qtd. Osler 9 . His book was long and lengthy, testifying many aspects of medicine. He classifies efficient causes and symptoms of diseases. He said that diseases are caused by the imbalance of the four elementary qualities of hot, wet cold and dry in the body. Those caused by the faulty composition or conformation of bodily parts, and those caused by trauma. The cause of disease is categorize as either connected by the environment, regimen, and psychology. Among them are the traditional scheme of "non naturals" from air, food and drink, repletion and inanition, to the passions of the soul. His book also discuss concerns for the conservation of health: separate sections on pediatric, adult, and geriatric regimen. Avicenna provides twenty one fen on ailments distinctive to each major organs of the body-arranged from head to toe. (Siraisi 21-22). The "Black Death", in the middle of the fourteenth century ravaged Europe while the Christians stood helpless. Ibn-al- Khatib, a physician of Granada composed a treaties in defence of the contagion theory and said: To those who say, "How can we admit the possibility of infection while the religious law denies it?" we reply that the existence of contagion is established by experience, investigation, the evidence on the senses and trustworthy reports. These facts constitute a sound argument. The fact of contagion becomes clear to the investigator who notices how he who establishes contact with afflicted gets the disease, whereas he who is not in contact remains safe, and how transmission through garments, vessels and earrings (qtd. Hitti 576). The circulation of blood and the idea of quarantine came from an empirical indication of contagion. It was discovered by Ibn al- Nafis. Ibn Juljul of Cordoba in 943 became a leading physician at the age of 24, compiled a book of special treaties on drugs found in al-Andalus, the Iberian Peninsula (science p23). Ibn-Masawayh wrote the oldest systematic treaties on opthamology. The book, titled al-Ashr Maqalat fi al-'Ayn (the ten treaties of the eye) was the earliest existing text book of opthmathology. In the curative use of drugs, some amazing advances were made by the Muslims. They have established the first apothecary shops, and founded the earliest school of pharmacy (Hitti 364). The Prince of Medicine, Avicenna, is himself a philosopher (Arabic falsafah). Philosophy at the time is defined as the knowledge of the true cause of things as they really are (Hitti 369). He is the first of the Arabic language who created a philosophical system which is really complete and whole (Khan 5). "It is noteworthy that Avicenna to his independent intellectual attainments was without undue modesty" (Fakhry 149). From his initial study of logic, he turned to the study of physics, and metaphysics entirely on his own. He became the mentor of many senior physician at the age of sixteen. By the age of eighteen, he had mastered logic, physics and mathematics, so there was nothing left for him to learn except to concentrate on metaphysics. His major philosophical treaties is Kitab al-Shifa or the Book of Healing , known in Latin by the title Sufficienta. It is an encyclopedia of Islamic-Greek learning in the eleventh century, ranging from logic to mathematics (Fakhry 149-150). Another greatest patron of Philosophy and science in the history of Islam is Caliph Al-Mamun. Son of Caliph Harun al- Rashid, he encouraged on holding disputes in court on logical, legal, and grammar (Rahman 182). He express with liberal mindedness, great openness and equanimity (Fakhry 23). He established in Baghdad his famous Bayt al-Hikmah (house of wisdom) (Rahman 4), a combination library and academy which in many respect is an important educational institution (Hitti 310). This library contains books on all subjects-literature, specifically Islamic sciences, natural sciences, logic, philosophy, an many other subjects of thoughts (Rahman 182-183). The greatest figure in the history of Islamic philosophy and reaction to Neo Platonism is Imam al-Ghazali - a jurist, theologian, philosopher and mystic. He said that the "Fiqh" is the daily bread of believing soul, while the doctrine is only as valuable as a medicine for the sick (De Boer 39). He also said that he is being seized by the desire for the truth. He resolved to search for a "certain knowledge" upon which the object known in manner is not open to doubt at all. So if the truth were to be challenged by a miracle-maker, it would withstand its claim - solid (Fakhry 244-245). Fundamentally, al-Ghazali affirmed an agnosticism about the ultimate and absolute nature of God. This need for religious certainty impelled al-Ghazali to mysticism, and led him back to the discovery of the Quraanic conception of God. This revealed nature of God is constituted by the Divine Names and Attributes (Rahman 95). The first genuine philosopher to write in Arabic was al- Kindi (Fakhry 9). He is the first peripatetic in Islam. He is related in many ways to Mutazilite Dialecticians and the Neo- Pythagorean Natural-Philosophers (DeBoer 97). He was a man of extraordinary erudition which communicated observations as a geographer, a historian of civilization and a physician (De Boer 99). Kindi is more than a philosopher. He was a chemist, an optician and a music theorist (Hitti 370). "He was in no respect a creative genius" (De Boer 99). The influence of al-Kindi as author and teacher is mainly through his Mathematics, Geography and Medicine (De Boer 105). The intellectual history of the Arabs which the development of philosophy and science in the Near East virtually begins with the rise of Islam. Islam not only provide the Arabs with bold world-view, but thrust them the cultural stage of the ancient world and set before them their scientific and cultural treasures. The first generation of Muslim scholars dedicated themselves wholly to the fixing of a canon based primarily on the Quran. This is because of the overwhelming sacredness of the Quraan and the traditions of Prophet Muhammad (Fakhry 1-3). To the Muslim scholars whose work is shown, the Quraan is the source of all knowledge - the revelation of God (Science 32). Many hints was given in the Quran as a prove of the All Knowing. God says: "Verily God Knows The secrets of the Heavens And earth:and God sees well all That ye do" (Quran 65:1 . Some of the hints that were mentioned are: "Do not the unbeliever see that the heavens and earth Were joined together (as one Unit of Creation), before We clove them asunder? We made from water Every living thing. Will they not believe?" (Quran 21:30). God phrase " Do not They Think...", in certain parts of the Quran after illuminating natural phenomena unthought of by man. Such hints enhanced man's curiosity and probably fueled their quest for knowledge. As the roots of knowledge has been established, the branches and leaves then flourished onto todays advance technology. Such roots must never be forgotten as without solid foundation, no pillars can be built and lived on. I COULD GO ON AND ON ABOUT THE MUSLIM MEN AND WOMENS CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE BUT THEIR WOULD BE NO POINT. I AM CONDEMING THIS MURDER IN THE NAME OF ALL MUSLIMS, HAPPY NOW JESUSLAND JOE? I WOULD LIKE YOU TO CONDEMN THE MURDER OF MUSLIMS IN PALESTINE, IN BOSNIA AND OTHER EASTERN-EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND IN INDIA. We should all realize that terrorism is global not ISlamic. http://www.netmuslims.com/info/contributions.html If you think that Islam is not peacefull give me any verse in the qura'an or from the sayings of the prophet that justifies violence or denies the right of education for females. http://www.themodernreligion.com/comparative/christ/bible_precepts.htm Howie, how shall I make Dave's day? Too right Graeme the Taliban have shown themselves to be cowards and scums. I have no problem with truthfull, unbiased comments like that yet if you were to say that about Muslims that would be wrong as to the fact: my great-granfather was a strict muslim yet he opened the first all-female school, a boys school and a library in a town in Pakistan, he also opened schools in Qatar, Oman, Tunisia, Mali,India, Sri-Lanka and a few other countries. So is my great-grandfather not a mulsim because he worked for the betterment of countries, sjould he have been killed by the Taliban? Yes I was and still am sober when I made the statement Jesusland Joe. Oh well that sums up the whole debate apart from greyroosters comment; that just proves that 'SOME' people can't be talked into reasonable debate but the have to resort to crude language and childish comments. C U ALL AROUND

15 The worst enemies of Islam are from within - The Reverend Amos Brown said in no uncertain terms that America must ask herself what she has done either wittingly or unwittingly to incur the wrath and hate of people around the world. Muslims on the other hand, generally prefer to attack the West as the sole reason for their problems when the truth is we are bankrupt as a religious community and our spiritual bankruptcy has led to our inability to even deliver the message of Islam to Westerners in a time when they were giving us platforms to do so. In Pakistan We Have Selective Islam - The biggest factor that drove people like me away from religion was the selective Islam practised by most of its preachers. In other words, there was a huge difference between what they practised and what they preached. Also, rather than explaining the philosophy behind the religion, there was an over emphasis on rituals. I feel that humans are different; to animals whereas the latter can be drilled, humans need to be intellectually convinced. That is why the Quran constantly appeals to reason. The worst of course, was the exploitation of Islam for political gains by various individuals or groups. Muslims Silent While Muslims Die - The Muslim world has been exposed for its impotence, incompetent leadership, lack of Islamic honor, dignity, courage, and hypocritical support for Palestine, Chechnya, Kashmir, and even the Afghan refugees. Muslims Debate Diverging Loyalties - Muslims who urge their communities to engage in self-introspection are being labelled traitors, while protestors say too much public self-criticism will divide their community, play into the hands of those they call "Muslim bashers" and weaken their efforts to influence U.S. foreign policy Seeing with Both eyes, by Abdul Hakim Murad - The Dajjal, as everyone knows, has only one eye. Those ulema who are concerned to understand and apply their intuition rather than simply to act as historical relay stations have sometimes interpreted this attribute as a reference to the characteristic sickness of decadent religious communities; a sickness that will necessarily be at its most prevalent as the end of time approaches. The Dajjal represents, in human form, a cosmic possibility which occurs throughout history, gathering momentum as Prophetic restorations are forgotten, until, for a time during the last days, he is the one-eyed man who is king. Moving Beyond Theory - "In Islam, you..." "Islam teaches that the state is..." "A Fatwa issued by a scholar in..." There is always someone propounding on what Islam teaches, how Islam shapes our behavior and what Islam says about halal/haram issues. But we never seem to move beyond the theoretical. Stopping the onslaught of missionaries in Muslim Homes - The Christians are not the problem. The Muslims are the problem because they are failing their own people in the way of establishing permanent institutions for the teaching of Islam. Let's look at ourselves because we have no control over what the Christians do, but we do have control over what we do with Muslims. Be Careful who you Call a Kafir - The fastest way to leave Islam is to wrongly call another person a Kafir. Waste no time debating what a good Muslim should be. Be one! "What Color Was The Dog?" - Why Muslims are in such a dire state today The Pitfalls of Emotion - Leaving the heart as the centre of decision leaves its owner vulnerable to the whispering of Shaytan. His choice of right and wrong, of punishment and mercy, does not waver with his own temper and emotions. Rather, his choice is decisive, based on the Criterion which is pure and just and universal. Had it been any other way, Islam could not have withstood the onslaught from its enemies, just as every other religion was ultimately corrupted according to the whims and desires of its followers. Who is Responsible? - "You have health care and hospitals, but the first health care center was in the home. The first store was in the home. The first government was in the home. The first governmental order was in the home. The first school was in the home. The first bank was in the home. The first transportation was home. If the home is run well, society does not have to worry." Good Deed that will lead to Hell - A hadith which relates how the consequences of committing sin, as opposed to doing good deeds, could lead a person to be successful in the life hereafter. Arrogance against others and mistreatment of animals - List of Hadiths and Quranic verses which severely prohibit mistreatment of other people and of animals Muslims in the Mirror - Prejudice in the Muslim community - Islam is the most anti-racist and anti-prejudicial way of life. Islamic history testifies to the openness Muslims have shown towards people of different cultures and religions. Yet, there is a problem in the Ummah today. Prejudices are not the problems of others. They have become the very sad reality amongst a number of Muslims as well. Frustrations of Converts, Complacency of the Ummah - How sincere is our worship of God if we pray 5 times a day but when a new Muslim turns to us for friendship, we become judgemental and assume they cannot be worth as much as "us born Muslims." They say a man's true nature is revealed when he is confronted with dealing with those who are of no direct importance to him. How do you treat those who are not important to you? Ethnic Culture Versus Islam - Islam is a religion. But, to many, Islam is a culture. It is something they do out of habit rather than out of the education they have received. Sometimes even the culture over-rides religion and they rush out to implement a cultural practice as if it would be unIslamic in not doing so. Difference of Opinion: A Cause of Weakness? - Is it Wrong for Muslims to Differ? In short, No. Evidence for this is an incident in which the Prophet (SAW) witnessed the companions disputing, but did not rebuke them for doing so. The Confusion of the Scholars - Have you ever been confronted with such stupidity that you were speechless? What about Muslims? Are there any incredibly stupid actions which have built up to a dangerous level? Of course! I'm going to point out how some (not all) "scholars" have steered us wrong and taken us away from the path of Islam. It's time to face an uncomfortable truth: Muslims can be racists- When were Muslims like me going to tell the world how badly Muslims treat people of other faiths? Muslims have been far too reluctant to condemn the persecution of people of other religions in some Islamic countries, and it is time we spoke up. Divide and Conquer - Muslims are supposed to be brothers and sisters. We are not supposed to oppress one another by making it impossible to practice our religion. When someone denies an aspect of Islam to the non-believers it gives them a chance to hurt us or oppress us. It gives them a basis for their oppression - a precedent. Muslims Wake up - Too many are trying to "make the deen easier" by watering it down. Necessity in Islam is defined as life and death - and only as much as is necessary to sustain life. Allah Bless America - With Islam - Muslims were like dogs at the feet of their master, waiting for any scrap he might throw from his table. He was singing "God Bless America"!!!!! God Bless America! The Ummah is a stalled car - Sadly, this is our current state. At the most, we are idling on the shoulder of the road, and even that is a generous description. It seems we have forgotten the glorious early days of Islam when the proverbial Muslim engine was running at maximum efficiency. The Meaning of Pride in Poverty - Muslims should not reject economic realities and they should try to earn a living for themselves and their families. Pride in poverty rather means that they should be prepared to become poor in the way of God and truth and if and when they do become poor they should not be ashamed of their poverty but feel proud of it. The Living Character of Islamic Tradition - A great deal of controversy, confusion and disunity among Muslims is caused by a careless use of the argument that such and such a thing did not exist in the days of the Prophet and the rightly guided caliphs or was not allowed by them and therefore it is un-Islamic. Often this argument is used with a measure of hypocrisy and intellectual dishonesty.... How Charitable are Muslims? A big hint ... NOT VERY. We do very poorly compared to the Americans whom many Muslims do nothing but backbite and slander Zakat and Charity should be Instruments for Developing the Poor But affluence has made Muslims arrogant and negligent Muslims Earn A Distorted Image How blind we are to the extent to which we have deviated from the example of the Holy Prophet The Women of Afghanistan: Whose Concern Is It, Anyway?This is a crisis that both our Muslim brothers & the media of the west is to blame for. This article gives a balanced opinion showing the drawbacks of both sides. Muslims on the Internet: The Good, the Bad...the Ugly This article shows how Muslims are misbehaving and acting irresponsibly on the Internet. This is a shame since the Internet is a fantastic tool for Dawah. Women are Falling Behind In Pakistan! This article sheds light on the crisis that Pakistani women are facing - the situation is terrible and again, this is a great paradox since Pakistan pays lip-service to being an "Islamic" country. A Quranic society does not treat its women this way. Obligation of a Muslim Towards a Disbeliever This article gives details on how we should treat Non-Muslims. Many Muslims are rude and unfair toward Non-Muslims and this is WRONG. Don't forget that when our Prophet received his first revelation, almost EVERYONE was a disbeliever. Do you think he could have converted so many people if treated them the way some Muslims today treat Non-Muslims? Women are ABUSED in the name of Islam This is a article that briefly describes how women are mistreated in the name of religion i.e. Muslim men - fathers, brothers, husbands, etc. are using religion as an excuse to abuse women. This article is good because the Non-Muslim writer points out the various examples of abuse but concludes firmly, that what these Muslim men are doing is against Islam. The Unholy war between Iraq and Iran This article shows how irresponsibly leaders such as Khomeini and Saddam Hussein act, in the expense of ruining the reputation of Islam - a religion they claim to represent. Disunity over Eid Date Reflects More Muslims remain divided even on this special occasion. An Islamic Perspective on the Ego The Qur'an and Sunnah attack the root of the problem by reminding the human being, in many places, of his origin (mire, clay, a worthless drop of fluid, etc.) so that he would have no reason to become arrogant WE AS MUSLIMS ARE TO BLAME NOT ISLAM.